Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disease. It is a chronic, meaning long term, condition characterised by an underactive thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, which is situated in the neck and is part of the endocrine system, fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormone, causing a slower metabolism resulting in a reduced energy expenditure rate.
Hypothyroidism can be either primary or secondary. In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland itself is diseased, while secondary hypothyroidism is the result of impaired pituitary gland functioning, that is, the brain structure that supervises the thyroid gland is not functioning normally.
Symptoms and characteristics
The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be mild, moderate or severe. They can include:
- fatigue and low energy levels
- altered mood resulting in depression
- reduced heart rate
- unexplained weight gain
- intolerance to cold temperatures
- aching muscles
- dry, coarse skin
- puffy face
- hair loss
- constipation
- problems with concentration
- goitre which means an enlarged thyroid gland.
Workplace adjustments and solutions
In the workplace there are various factors that would greatly assist people with hypothyroidism to better manage their symptoms and will vary depending on the type and severity of symptoms:
- in severe cases of hypothyroidism, working outdoors in cold weather may not be appropriate due to difficulties regulating temperature
- the use of heaters, extra clothing or gloves may assist with temperature regulation
- a suitable job match with flexible work hours to accommodate tendency for fatigue and altered heart rate.
There are solutions and adjustments for the following job requirements:
References
Better Health Channel 2011, Thyroid disorders—hypothyroidism, State Government of Victoria, Melbourne, viewed 26 April 2012, http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Thyroid_disorders_hypothyroidism?open.
MDGuidelines 1991-2010, Hypothyroidsim, Reed Group, Ltd., Colorado, viewed 26 April 2012, http://www.mdguidelines.com/hypothyroidism.
Thyroid Australia 2000, Thyroid Conditions Quick Facts, Thyroid Australia Ltd, Melbourne, viewed 26 April 2012, http://www.thyroid.org.au/Information/Conditions.html.